科粤版九年级下册化学8.3《酸和碱的反应》课件含素材（江西部级优课）.pptx

请同学们仔细阅读学案中的学习知识储备,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一,酸和碱的中和反应,第一课时,课题2,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 视 频 导 入,熟石灰,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 实 验 探 究、 确 定 思 路,提出问题：,酸和碱之间会发生反应吗?,实验验证：,稀盐酸与氢氧化钠溶液直接混合,观察现象：,无明显现象,得出结论：,无法证明反应发生,结论：证明反应发生的两种思路分别是检验有生成物或检验无反应物。,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 确 定 探 究 方 案,氢氧化钠与盐酸反应了吗？,有生成物,无反应物,定思路,遇问题,反应了,没反应,做猜想,无盐酸,无氢氧化钠,寻方法,变色法、气体法、沉淀法、能量法 ,找方案,酸碱指示剂,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 学 生 实 验,设计方案、分组实验,有生成物,无反应物,定思路,无盐酸,无氢氧化钠,寻方法,变色法、气体法、沉淀法、能量法 ,找方案,酸碱指示剂,提示： 氢氧化钠溶液能使无色酚酞变红； 盐酸不能使无色酚酞变色。,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,0:31,0:32,0:33,0:34,0:35,0:36,0:37,0:38,0:39,0:40,0:41,0:42,0:43,0:44,0:45,0:46,0:47,0:48,0:49,0:50,0:51,0:52,0:53,0:54,0:55,0:56,0:57,0:58,0:59,1:00,1:01,1:02,1:03,1:04,1:05,1:06,1:07,1:08,1:09,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20,1:21,1:22,1:23,1:24,1:25,1:26,1:27,1:28,1:29,1:30,1:31,1:32,1:33,1:34,1:35,1:36,1:37,1:38,1:39,1:40,1:41,1:42,1:43,1:44,1:45,1:46,1:47,1:48,1:49,1:50,1:51,1:52,1:53,1:54,1:55,1:56,1:57,1:58,1:59,2:00,2:01,2:02,2:03,2:04,2:05,2:06,2:07,2:08,2:09,2:10,2:11,2:12,2:13,2:14,2:15,2:16,2:17,2:18,2:19,2:20,2:21,2:22,2:23,2:24,2:25,2:26,2:27,2:28,2:29,2:30,2:31,2:32,2:33,2:34,2:35,2:36,2:37,2:38,2:39,2:40,2:41,2:42,2:43,2:44,2:45,2:46,2:47,2:48,2:49,2:50,2:51,2:52,2:53,2:54,2:55,2:56,2:57,2:58,2:59,3:00,时间到,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 师 生 交 流、 讨 论 总 结,实验讨论与总结,读书,求知,做人,混合前加无色酚酞,混合后加无色酚酞,若酚酞不变色,若酚酞变红,说明无,氢氧化钠,说明无,盐酸,若盐酸中加入酚酞，再逐滴加入氢氧化钠溶液,酚酞先无色后变红,说明无,盐酸,若氢氧化钠溶液中加入酚酞，再逐滴加入盐酸,酚酞先变红后无色,说明无,氢氧化钠,盐酸可能过量,NaOH一定过量,NaOH一定过量,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 介 绍 课 本 实 验,回归课本、学而习之,实验10-8在烧杯中加入约5mL稀氢氧化钠溶液，滴入几滴酚酞溶液。用滴管慢慢滴入稀盐酸，并不断搅拌溶液，至溶液颜色恰好变成无色为止。,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 学 生 练 习、教 师 讲 解,回归课本、学而习之,实验10-8在烧杯中加入约5mL稀氢氧化钠溶液，滴入几滴酚酞溶液。用滴管慢慢滴入稀盐酸，并不断搅拌溶液，至溶液颜色恰好变成无色为止。,答案：【活动与探究】(1)没用玻璃棒不断搅拌,(2)不严密,紫色石蕊溶液或碳酸钠粉末或锌粒等,【反思与评价】(1) 采用搅拌或振荡的方式使反应物充分反应；滴加药品的先后顺序；控制滴加药品的速度等,(2)据颜色变化判断反应是否发生及反应是否恰好完全,学案练习1,读书,求知,做人,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,0:31,0:32,0:33,0:34,0:35,0:36,0:37,0:38,0:39,0:40,0:41,0:42,0:43,0:44,0:45,0:46,0:47,0:48,0:49,0:50,0:51,0:52,0:53,0:54,0:55,0:56,0:57,0:58,0:59,1:00,1:01,1:02,1:03,1:04,1:05,1:06,1:07,1:08,1:09,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20,1:21,1:22,1:23,1:24,1:25,1:26,1:27,1:28,1:29,1:30,1:31,1:32,1:33,1:34,1:35,1:36,1:37,1:38,1:39,1:40,1:41,1:42,1:43,1:44,1:45,1:46,1:47,1:48,1:49,1:50,1:51,1:52,1:53,1:54,1:55,1:56,1:57,1:58,1:59,2:00,2:01,2:02,2:03,2:04,2:05,2:06,2:07,2:08,2:09,2:10,2:11,2:12,2:13,2:14,2:15,2:16,2:17,2:18,2:19,2:20,2:21,2:22,2:23,2:24,2:25,2:26,2:27,2:28,2:29,2:30,2:31,2:32,2:33,2:34,2:35,2:36,2:37,2:38,2:39,2:40,2:41,2:42,2:43,2:44,2:45,2:46,2:47,2:48,2:49,2:50,2:51,2:52,2:53,2:54,2:55,2:56,2:57,2:58,2:59,3:00,3:01,3:02,3:03,3:04,3:05,3:06,3:07,3:08,3:09,3:10,3:11,3:12,3:13,3:14,3:15,3:16,3:17,3:18,3:19,3:20,3:21,3:22,3:23,3:24,3:25,3:26,3:27,3:28,3:29,3:30,时间到,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 微 观 再 探,NaOH = Na+ + OH-,HCl = H+ + Cl-,HCl + NaOH = NaCl +H2O,问：从微观角度分析，图中不变的微粒是 ，消失的微粒是 ，生成的微粒是 。,盐酸与氢氧化钠反应的实质： 酸溶液中的H+和碱溶液中的OH-反应生成水分子的过程。即H+ + OH- = H2O,观察：反应前后溶液中微粒发生了怎样的变化?书P60,Na+及Cl-,H+及OH-,H2O,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 练 习 巩 固、 归 纳 概 念,请完成下列反应化学方程式,HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O,HCl + Ca(OH)2 =,H2SO4 + NaOH =,= CaSO4 + H2O,CaCl2 + H2O,Na2SO4 + H2O,H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2,2,2,2,2,2,水,盐,盐：由金属离子或NH4+和酸根离子构成的化合物,一、中和反应：酸 + 碱 盐 + 水,学案练习2,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,0:31,0:32,0:33,0:34,0:35,0:36,0:37,0:38,0:39,0:40,0:41,0:42,0:43,0:44,0:45,0:46,0:47,0:48,0:49,0:50,0:51,0:52,0:53,0:54,0:55,0:56,0:57,0:58,0:59,1:00,1:01,1:02,1:03,1:04,1:05,1:06,1:07,1:08,1:09,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20,1:21,1:22,1:23,1:24,1:25,1:26,1:27,1:28,1:29,1:30,1:31,1:32,1:33,1:34,1:35,1:36,1:37,1:38,1:39,1:40,1:41,1:42,1:43,1:44,1:45,1:46,1:47,1:48,1:49,1:50,1:51,1:52,1:53,1:54,1:55,1:56,1:57,1:58,1:59,2:00,2:01,2:02,2:03,2:04,2:05,2:06,2:07,2:08,2:09,2:10,2:11,2:12,2:13,2:14,2:15,2:16,2:17,2:18,2:19,2:20,2:21,2:22,2:23,2:24,2:25,2:26,2:27,2:28,2:29,2:30,2:31,2:32,2:33,2:34,2:35,2:36,2:37,2:38,2:39,2:40,2:41,2:42,2:43,2:44,2:45,2:46,2:47,2:48,2:49,2:50,2:51,2:52,2:53,2:54,2:55,2:56,2:57,2:58,2:59,3:00,3:01,3:02,3:03,3:04,3:05,3:06,3:07,3:08,3:09,3:10,3:11,3:12,3:13,3:14,3:15,3:16,3:17,3:18,3:19,3:20,3:21,3:22,3:23,3:24,3:25,3:26,3:27,3:28,3:29,3:30,时间到,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 概 念 巩 固 与 深 化,下列反应中属于中和反应的是( ) A、Zn + 2HCl = ZnCl2 +H2 B、CuO + 2HCl = CuCl2+ H2O C、Ba(OH)2+ H2SO4 = BaSO4 + 2H2O D、2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O,C,学案练习3,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,时间到,读书,求知,做人,生成盐和水的不一定是中和反应。,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 学 以 致 用（1）,二、中和反应在实际中的应用,1、农业：改良土壤的酸碱性,农作物生长对于土壤的酸碱性有一定的要求，但近年来由于空气污染形成酸雨，导致土壤酸性增强，不利于农作物的生长，应怎样去改良酸性土壤？,用熟石灰改良酸性土壤。,自主阅读P61并填写学案中的相关表格,相较于与熟石灰，NaOH不实惠且腐蚀性更强。,问：是否可用NaOH代替熟石灰？,0:00,0:01,0:02,0:03,0:04,0:05,0:06,0:07,0:08,0:09,0:10,0:11,0:12,0:13,0:14,0:15,0:16,0:17,0:18,0:19,0:20,0:21,0:22,0:23,0:24,0:25,0:26,0:27,0:28,0:29,0:30,0:31,0:32,0:33,0:34,0:35,0:36,0:37,0:38,0:39,0:40,0:41,0:42,0:43,0:44,0:45,0:46,0:47,0:48,0:49,0:50,0:51,0:52,0:53,0:54,0:55,0:56,0:57,0:58,0:59,1:00,1:01,1:02,1:03,1:04,1:05,1:06,1:07,1:08,1:09,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20,1:21,1:22,1:23,1:24,1:25,1:26,1:27,1:28,1:29,1:30,1:31,1:32,1:33,1:34,1:35,1:36,1:37,1:38,1:39,1:40,1:41,1:42,1:43,1:44,1:45,1:46,1:47,1:48,1:49,1:50,1:51,1:52,1:53,1:54,1:55,1:56,1:57,1:58,1:59,2:00,2:01,2:02,2:03,2:04,2:05,2:06,2:07,2:08,2:09,2:10,2:11,2:12,2:13,2:14,2:15,2:16,2:17,2:18,2:19,2:20,2:21,2:22,2:23,2:24,2:25,2:26,2:27,2:28,2:29,2:30,2:31,2:32,2:33,2:34,2:35,2:36,2:37,2:38,2:39,2:40,2:41,2:42,2:43,2:44,2:45,2:46,2:47,2:48,2:49,2:50,2:51,2:52,2:53,2:54,2:55,2:56,2:57,2:58,2:59,3:00,时间到,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 学 以 致 用（2）,2、工业：处理工厂的废水,（1）硫酸厂排出的废水中含有硫酸等杂质，严重危害当地的生态环境，你会怎样处理这些废水呢？,用碱性物质（例如熟石灰）进行中和处理。,H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 + 2H2O,（2）印染厂的废水中含有氢氧化钠等杂质，怎样处理？,用酸性物质（例如硫酸）进行中和处理。,H2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2H2O,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 学 以 致 用（3）,3、医疗：治疗胃酸过多,胃酸的主要成分是 。已知某胃药的主要成分氢氧化铝。,盐酸,氢氧化铝能中和过多胃酸，你能写出化学方程式吗？,HCl + Al(OH)3 = AlCl3 + H2O,被蚊虫叮咬后，涂一些含有碱性的物质的药水。,此外，Mg(OH)2也可以起到类似效果。,4、生活：提高生活品质,2HCl + Mg(OH)2 = MgCl2 + 2H2O,3,3,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 知 识 拓 展,改善生活：食醋去除皮蛋的涩味、 食醋去除热水壶上的水垢 等等。,读书,求知,做人,课 题 2 酸 和 碱 的 中 和 反 应 课 时 一 视 频 结 尾、 培 养 兴 趣,读书,求知,做人